Moto n tọka si ẹrọ itanna ti o mọ iyipada tabi gbigbe ti agbara ina ni ibamu si ofin ifasita itanna.
Awọn motor ti wa ni ipoduduro nipasẹ awọn lẹta M ninu awọn Circuit (awọn atijọ bošewa jẹ D). Iṣẹ akọkọ rẹ ni lati ṣe ina iyipo awakọ. Gẹgẹbi orisun agbara fun awọn ohun elo itanna tabi awọn ẹrọ oriṣiriṣi, monomono jẹ aṣoju nipasẹ lẹta G ninu Circuit naa. Išẹ akọkọ rẹ ni ipa ni lati yi agbara ẹrọ pada si agbara itanna.
Iyapa:
1. Pin gẹgẹ bi iru ipese agbara: o le pin si awọn ọkọ DC ati awọn ọkọ AC.
1) Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC le pin gẹgẹ bi eto ati opo iṣẹ: brushless DC Motors ati fẹlẹ awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC.
Ti fọ awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti a gbọn si: awọn oofa oofa DC ati awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ itanna electromagnetic
Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ Electromagnetic DC ti pin si: awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti o ni itẹlera, awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti iwakara, lọtọ-yiyatọ awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ati awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti o ni idunnu.
Oofa DC Yẹ ki o pin si: awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC oofa titilai oofa aye, awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti o ni ironu pipe ati awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ alnico titilai.
2) Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ AC tun le pin si: awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ọkọọkan ati awọn ọkọ-ipele mẹta.
2. Ni ibamu si ilana ati ilana iṣẹ, o le pin si awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC, awọn asynchronous Motors ati awọn ọkọ amuṣiṣẹpọ.
1) Awọn ẹrọ amuṣiṣẹpọ le pin si: awọn ẹrọ amuṣiṣẹpọ oofa titilai, awọn ẹmu amuṣiṣẹpọ ifilọra ati awọn ọkọ amuṣiṣẹpọ hysteresis.
2) Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ Asynchronous le pin si awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ifasita ati awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ commutator AC.
Awọn ẹrọ ifasita ni a le pin si awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ asynchronous alakoso mẹta, awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ asynchronous ọkọọkan ati awọn ọkọ asynchronous asynchronous ẹgbẹ-ojiji.
AC commutator motors can be divided into: single-phase series motors, AC and DC motors and repulsion motors.
Each motor has different functions, so the price of each motor will vary.
3. Gẹgẹbi awọn ipo bibẹrẹ ati awọn ọna ṣiṣe, o le pin si: kapasito-ti o bẹrẹ ẹyọkan alakoso asynchronous motor, kapasito ṣiṣẹ ọna-alakoso asynchronous motor, kapasito-ibẹrẹ ẹyọkan asynchronous motor ati ipin-alakoso alakoso alakoso asynchronous motor.
4. Ni ibamu si idi, o le pin si: ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ iwakọ ati ọkọ iṣakoso.
1) Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ iwakọ le pin si: awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ fun awọn irinṣẹ ina (pẹlu awọn irinṣẹ fun liluho, didan, didan, wiwọ, gige, atunse, ati bẹbẹ lọ), awọn ohun elo ile (pẹlu awọn ẹrọ fifọ, awọn onijakidijagan ina, awọn firiji, awọn air conditioners, awọn agbohunsilẹ teepu) , ati awọn agbohunsilẹ fidio), awọn oṣere DVD, awọn olulana igbale, awọn kamẹra, awọn togbe irun, awọn fifọ ina, ati bẹbẹ lọ) ati awọn ohun elo ẹrọ kekere gbogbogbo miiran (pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn irinṣẹ ẹrọ kekere, ẹrọ kekere, ẹrọ iṣoogun, ẹrọ itanna, ati bẹbẹ lọ) awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ.
2) Awọn ọkọ idari ti pin si awọn ọkọ atẹsẹ ati awọn ọkọ servo.
5. Ni ibamu si ilana ti ẹrọ iyipo le pin: ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ fifa irọbi ẹyẹ (boṣewa atijọ ti a pe ni ẹyẹ okere asynchronous motor) ati ẹrọ iyipo iyipo ọgbẹ (boṣewa atijọ ti a pe ni egbogi asynchronous ọgbẹ).
6. According to the operating speed, it can be divided into: high-speed motor, low-speed motor, constant-speed motor, and speed-regulating motor. Low-speed motors are divided into gear reduction motors, electromagnetic reduction motors, torque motors and claw-pole synchronous motors.
Speed regulating motors can be divided into stepped constant speed motors, stepless constant speed motors, stepped variable speed motors and stepless variable speed motors, but can also be divided into electromagnetic speed regulating motors, DC speed regulating motors, PWM variable frequency speed regulating motors and Switched reluctance speed motor.
Iyara rotor ti asynchronous motor nigbagbogbo jẹ kekere diẹ ju iyara amuṣiṣẹpọ ti aaye oofa yiyi.
The rotor speed of the synchronous motor has nothing to do with the size of the load and always maintains the synchronous speed.
First, the direct current:
The working principle of the DC generator is to convert the alternating electromotive force induced in the armature coil into a DC electromotive force when it is drawn from the brush end by the commutator and the commutation action of the brush.
Itọsọna ti agbara electromotive ti a fa ni a pinnu ni ibamu si ofin ọwọ ọtún (laini oofa ti awọn aaye ifasita si ọpẹ ti ọwọ, atanpako tọka si itọsọna gbigbe ti adaorin, ati awọn ika ọwọ mẹrin miiran tọka si itọsọna ti agbara electromotive ti o fa ninu oludari).
ìlànà ṣiṣẹ:
The direction of the conductor's force is determined by the left-hand rule. This pair of electromagnetic forces forms a moment that acts on the armature. This moment is called electromagnetic torque in a rotating electric machine. The direction of the torque is counterclockwise, in an attempt to make the armature rotate counterclockwise. If this electromagnetic torque can overcome the resistance torque on the armature (such as resistance torque caused by friction and other load torques), the armature can rotate in a counterclockwise direction.
DC motor jẹ ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ti n ṣiṣẹ lori foliteji ṣiṣẹ DC ati pe o lo ni lilo ni awọn olugbasilẹ teepu, awọn agbohunsilẹ fidio, awọn ẹrọ orin DVD, awọn fifọ ina, awọn togbe irun, awọn iṣọ itanna, awọn nkan isere, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Second, the electromagnetic type:
Awọn mọto DC elekitirogi jẹ ti awọn ọpa stator, rotor (armature), commutator (eyiti a mọ ni commutator), awọn gbọnnu, casing, bearings, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Awọn ọpá oofa stator (awọn ọpá oofa akọkọ) ti ẹrọ itanna DC motor jẹ eyiti o ni mojuto irin ati yiyi yiyi. Ni ibamu si awọn ti o yatọ si simi ọna (ti a npe ni simi ni atijọ boṣewa), o le ti wa ni pin si jara-yiya DC Motors, shunt-yiya DC Motors, lọtọ-yiya DC Motors ati yellow-yiya DC Motors. Nitori awọn ọna inira ti o yatọ, ofin ti ṣiṣan stator magnetic pole flux (ti ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ okun inudidun ti ọpa stator jẹ agbara) tun yatọ.
The field winding and the rotor winding of the series-excited DC motor are connected in series through the brush and the commutator. The field current is proportional to the armature current. The magnetic flux of the stator increases with the increase of the field current. The torque is similar to the electric current. The armature current is proportional to the square of the current, and the speed drops rapidly as the torque or current increases. The starting torque can reach more than 5 times the rated torque, and the short-term overload torque can reach more than 4 times the rated torque. The speed change rate is large, and the no-load speed is very high (generally not allowed to run under no-load ). Speed regulation can be achieved by connecting an external resistor in series (or in parallel) with the series winding, or switching the series winding in parallel.
Gbigbọn ifaworanhan ti iwakọ DC ti o ni iwuri ni asopọ ni afiwe pẹlu iyipo iyipo, lọwọlọwọ inudidun jẹ iduro deede, iyipo ibẹrẹ jẹ deede si lọwọlọwọ armature, ati pe ibẹrẹ lọwọlọwọ jẹ nipa awọn akoko 2.5 ti a ṣe lọwọlọwọ lọwọlọwọ. Iyara dinku die-die pẹlu alekun lọwọlọwọ ati iyipo, ati iyipo apọju igba kukuru jẹ awọn akoko 1.5 ti iyipo ti a ti pinnu. Oṣuwọn ti iyipada iyara jẹ kekere, ti o wa lati 5% si 15%. Iyara le ṣatunṣe nipasẹ irẹwẹsi agbara igbagbogbo ti aaye oofa.
Gbigbọn ifaya ti yiya sọtọ ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti sopọ si ipese agbara inudidun ominira, ati lọwọlọwọ inudidun rẹ jẹ ibakan ni igbagbogbo, ati iyipo ibẹrẹ jẹ iwon si lọwọlọwọ armature. Iyipada iyara tun jẹ 5% ~ 15%. Iyara naa le pọ si nipasẹ irẹwẹsi aaye oofa ati agbara igbagbogbo tabi nipa idinku folti ti iyipo iyipo lati dinku iyara naa.
In addition to the shunt winding on the stator magnetic poles of the compound-excited DC motor, a series winding (with fewer turns) connected in series with the rotor winding is also installed. The direction of the magnetic flux generated by the series winding is the same as that of the main winding. The starting torque is about 4 times the rated torque, and the short-term overload torque is about 3.5 times the rated torque. The speed change rate is 25%~30% (related to series winding). The speed can be adjusted by weakening the magnetic field strength.
The commutator segments of the commutator are made of alloy materials such as silver-copper, cadmium-copper, and molded with high-strength plastic. The brushes are in sliding contact with the commutator to provide armature current for the rotor winding. The brushes of electromagnetic DC motors generally use metal graphite brushes or electrochemical graphite brushes. The iron core of the rotor is made of laminated silicon steel sheets, generally 12 slots, with 12 sets of armature windings embedded, and each winding is connected in series, and then connected to 12 commutating plates.
Third, the DC motor:
The excitation method of the DC motor refers to the problem of how to supply power to the excitation winding and generate the magnetomotive force to establish the main magnetic field. According to different excitation methods, DC motors can be divided into the following types.
Ta Li
The field winding has no connection relationship with the armature winding, and the DC motor powered by other DC power supply to the field winding is called a separately excited DC motor. Permanent magnet DC motors can also be regarded as separately excited DC motors.
Gba ni iyanju
Yiyi yiyi ti shunt-yiya DC motor ti sopọ ni afiwe pẹlu armature yikaka. Bi awọn kan shunt-yiya monomono, awọn ebute foliteji lati awọn motor ara ipese agbara si awọn aaye yikaka; gẹgẹbi ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ti o ni itara shunt, aaye yiyi ati armature pin ipin orisun agbara kanna, eyiti o jẹ kanna bi ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti o ni itara lọtọ ni awọn iṣe iṣe.
Cross excitation
Lẹhin ti awọn aaye yikaka ti jara-yiya DC motor ti wa ni ti sopọ ni jara pẹlu awọn armature yikaka, o ti wa ni ti sopọ si awọn DC ipese agbara. Awọn simi lọwọlọwọ ti yi DC motor ni awọn armature lọwọlọwọ.
Compound excitation
Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC ti o ni itara ti kojọpọ ni awọn yiyi afẹfẹ meji: isunmi shunt ati itara jara. Ti o ba ti awọn magnetomotive agbara ti ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ awọn jara yikaka ni ni ọna kanna bi awọn magnetomotive agbara ti ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ awọn shunt yikaka, o ti wa ni a npe ni ọja yiya yellow. Ti awọn ologun magnetomotive meji ba ni awọn itọnisọna idakeji, a pe ni itara agbo-ara iyatọ.
DC Motors pẹlu o yatọ si simi awọn ọna ni orisirisi awọn abuda. Ni gbogbogbo, awọn ipo ifọkanbalẹ akọkọ ti awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ DC jẹ isunmọ shunt, itusilẹ jara ati itara agbo, ati awọn ipo iṣaju akọkọ ti awọn olupilẹṣẹ DC jẹ isunmọ lọtọ, itusilẹ shunt ati itara agbo.
Fourth, the permanent magnet type:
Permanent magnet DC motors are also composed of stator poles, rotors, brushes, housings, etc. The stator poles use permanent magnets (permanent magnets), including ferrite, alnico, neodymium iron boron and other materials. According to its structure, it can be divided into cylinder type and tile type. Most of the electricity used in VCRs are cylindrical magnets, while the motors used in electric tools and automotive electrical appliances mostly use special block magnets.
The rotor is generally made of laminated silicon steel sheets, which has fewer slots than the electromagnetic DC motor rotor. The low-power motors used in VCRs are mostly 3 slots, and the higher-end ones are 5 slots or 7 slots. The enameled wire is wound between the two slots of the rotor core (three slots means three windings), and its joints are respectively welded to the metal sheet of the commutator. The brush is a conductive part that connects the power supply and the rotor winding. It has both conductive and wear-resistant properties. The brushes of permanent magnet motors use single-sex metal sheets, metal graphite brushes, and electrochemical graphite brushes.
The permanent magnet DC motor used in the VCR adopts electronic speed stabilization circuit or centrifugal speed stabilization device.
Common sense of motor protection:
1. Motors are easier to burn out than in the past: Due to the continuous development of insulation technology, the design of motors requires both increased output and reduced size, so that the heat capacity of the new motor is getting smaller and the overload capacity is getting weaker; Due to the increase in the degree of production automation, the motors are required to run frequently in various ways such as frequent starting, braking, forward and reverse rotation, and variable load, which puts forward higher requirements for motor protection devices. In addition, the motor has a wider range of applications, often working in extremely harsh environments, such as humidity, high temperature, dust, and corrosion. All of these make the motor more prone to damage, especially the highest frequency of faults such as overload, short circuit, phase loss, and bore sweeping.
2. The protection effect of the traditional protection device is not ideal: the traditional motor protection device is mainly thermal relay, but the thermal relay has low sensitivity, large error, poor stability and unreliable protection. The fact is also true. Although many devices are equipped with thermal relays, the phenomenon of damage to the motor that affects normal production is still widespread.
